Diabetes

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What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that is diagnosed when the body is not producing any insulin at all. There is no way of preventing or reversing Type 1 diabetes and any individual diagnosed with this condition will need to receive insulin, for example by injecting it themselves, throughout their lifetime.

In contrast, Type 2 diabetes occurs when the cells in the body are not able to respond in the right way to insulin that is produced, or if the body is not producing enough insulin. This form of the condition can be controlled if a healthy diet is maintained and the blood sugar level is carefully monitored. However, it may be necessary at some stage to take medication as Type 2 is progressive. The development of Type 2 has been linked with obesity in many cases, and if this condition develops as a result of obesity it is known as maturity-onset diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is far more common that Type 1, affecting 90% of those diagnosed with the condition.

Are there any symptoms?

The diabetes symptoms for both Type 1 and Type 2 tend to be increased thirst, weight loss, extreme fatigue, an increased need to urinate and genital itching. Type 1 can also cause cramps, vision changes, constipation and skin infections.

Symptoms of Type 1 are likely to develop very quickly and are usually more severe. In contrast, symptoms of Type 2 are slower to develop and far milder, which can mean that the condition is unnoticeable for some time, even years.

What causes Type 2 diabetes?

Several factors can contribute to the development of this form of the condition. Genetics is considered to be a major contributing factor; there is a one in three chance that a child of parents with Type 2 will go on to develop it in their lifetime. Other identified risk factors are age, physical inactivity and obesity. It is also possible, though rare, that some medications can contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes.

In most cases of this type, diabetics will be advised to make dietary changes and maintain a healthy diet. This will be sufficient to control the condition for some individuals.

Are there any complications associated with Type 2 diabetes

If left untreated, diabetes can cause a number of serious health complications. The high sugar levels associated with this condition can cause damage to blood vessels, nerves and organs, which can lead on to health issues such as:

• Heart disease and stroke
• Retinopathy
• Kidney disease
• Nerve damage
• Foot problems
• Sexual Dysfunction
• Miscarriage and still birth