About acid reflux
What causes acid reflux?
Acid reflux happens when the muscle at the bottom of your oesophagus, the lower oesophageal sphincter, is too weak. This allows stomach acid to travel up your oesophagus and to your throat.
There are many possible causes of this, the most common of which are obesity, pregnancy, smoking, certain medications, or a hernia. Common triggers include large, fatty meals, eating right before you go to bed, and certain foods and drinks, like alcohol and chocolate.
What’s the difference between acid reflux and GORD?
Acid reflux is a temporary event where stomach acid escapes the stomach and into the oesophagus. GORD stands for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and is a chronic condition that causes acid reflux.
So while GORD causes acid reflux, not all cases of acid reflux are caused by GORD. The occasional acid reflux is normal, and can be caused by lifestyle factors. GORD, on the other hand, is a chronic, long-term condition that is commonly managed with prescription treatments like proton pump inhibitors.
What are the symptoms of acid reflux and GORD?
The most common symptoms of acid reflux include:
- Heartburn
- Regurgitation
- Belching
- Chest pain
- A persistent cough
- Sore throat
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- An unpleasant taste
- Hiccups
You may experience just some of these symptoms, or you may experience all of them. If your symptoms are difficult to manage, you may benefit from a consultation with one of our doctors.
About acid reflux treatments
Will acid reflux treatments cure my heartburn for good?
No, prescription acid reflux treatments will not cure your acid reflux for good. While they reduce the amount of stomach acid, they won’t fix the underlying problem causing your lower oesophageal sphincter to be weak or loose. Depending on your symptoms and personal health profile, you can take proton pump inhibitors for a few weeks up to several months. But once you stop, your symptoms may come back.
If you have GERD and it is difficult to manage with prescription medication alone, surgical procedures can sometimes fix the problem at the source. Speak with your GP if you think this is something you might benefit from.
How long can I take acid reflux treatments for?
How long your acid reflux treatment is prescribed for depends on your symptoms and individual health profile. Ultimately, it is up to your doctor to decide an appropriate length of treatment.
Usually, a course of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) lasts from a few weeks to a few months. Taking them for longer than that increases the risk of side effects.
Can acid reflux treatments make you sick?
Yes, acid reflux treatments can make you sick as a side effect, especially proton pump inhibitors. These treatments do list nausea and vomiting as common side effects, meaning they can affect up to 1 in 10 people.
However, just because you experience side effects from one acid reflux treatment doesn’t mean you will experience side effects from all of them. If the one you’re on makes you sick, speak with your doctor about trying another one instead. They can guide you on how to switch safely.
Will acid reflux treatments affect my digestion?
Yes, acid reflux treatments (proton pump inhibitors) can affect digestion. This can lead to side effects like diarrhoea, stomach pain, constipation, and excessive wind.
However, while proton pump inhibitors reduce the amount of stomach acid you produce, they don’t stop it completely. This should leave you with enough for healthy digestion. If you are experiencing digestive issues during treatment, try and eat smaller, lighter meals and avoid alcohol.
Managing symptoms
How can I relieve acid reflux naturally?
There are several ways to relieve acid reflux symptoms naturally, without relying on medication. Drinking water may help clear acid from your oesophagus, while chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate saliva production, helping neutralise stomach acid, according to this study.
You can also try standing upright and loosening tight clothing around your stomach to reduce pressure on your abdomen. If you're experiencing acid reflux at night, raising the head of your bed may help relieve symptoms while you sleep.
However, these methods may only provide temporary relief and won't treat the underlying cause of persistent acid reflux. If you experience frequent or severe symptoms, speak with your doctor about prescription treatments that can help reduce stomach acid and provide more reliable relief.
How can I prevent acid reflux from happening?
The best way to prevent acid reflux is to identify and avoid your triggers. Common triggers include large or fatty meals, spicy foods, chocolate, coffee, and alcohol. Eating smaller meals and avoiding food for at least 3 hours before going to bed can also help prevent symptoms.
Other factors, such as smoking, being overweight, and certain medications, can increase your risk of acid reflux. Making lifestyle changes, like quitting smoking or losing weight if you're overweight, may help reduce how often symptoms occur.
However, if acid reflux continues to happen regularly despite these changes, you may have gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). In these cases, prescription treatments like proton pump inhibitors can help manage symptoms and reduce stomach acid.
Can I drink alcohol while taking acid reflux treatments?
Yes, you can generally drink alcohol while taking acid reflux treatments, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Alcohol doesn't usually stop these treatments from working, and there is no general requirement to avoid it completely.
However, alcohol can trigger acid reflux symptoms by irritating your digestive system and making reflux more likely. This means drinking alcohol could make your symptoms worse, even while taking treatment. If you find that alcohol triggers acid reflux for you, try drinking in moderation or stop drinking altogether.